Description
Pinealon (also known as EDR peptide) is a synthetic tripeptide with the sequence Glu-Asp-Arg (glutamic acid–aspartic acid–arginine).
It belongs to the family of short peptide bioregulators developed by Vladimir Khavinson’s research group in Russia. It is positioned as a neuroprotective and pineal/cortical tissue-targeted cytoregulator. The proposed mechanism involves direct interaction with DNA to modulate gene expression in neurons, supporting antioxidant defense, reducing apoptosis under stress (e.g., hypoxia or oxidative stress), and potentially influencing pineal function and cognitive processes.
Most evidence comes from Russian preclinical (cell and animal) studies; independent Western clinical validation is limited. It is typically used as a research or supplemental bioregulator compound and is not an approved pharmaceutical drug in major regulatory jurisdictions.
